Collaborative mechanisms are starting to become prominent in computer games, like massively multiplayer
online games (MMOGs); however, by their nature, these games are difficult to investigate. Game play is
often complex and the underlying mechanisms are frequently opaque. In contrast, board games are simple.
Their game play is fairly constrained and their core mechanisms are transparent enough to analyze. In this
article, the authors seek to understand collaborative games. Because of their simplicity, they focus on board
games. The authors present an analysis of collaborative games. In particular, they focus on Reiner Knizia’s
LORDOFTHERINGS, considered by many to be the quintessential collaborative board game. Our analysis
yields seven observations, four lessons, and three pitfalls, that game designers might consider useful for
designing collaborative games. They reflect on the particular opportunities that computers have for the
design of collaborative games as well as how some of the issues discussed apply to the case of computer
games.